What Is Parkinson’s Disease? 

Parkinson’s disease is a common neurological condition that usually affects people over age 60. It causes ongoing and permanent deterioration of an area of the brain called the basal ganglia. Healthy nerve cells in the basal ganglia make dopamine, which helps control movement. When these cells become damaged, dopamine levels drop, causing:

• Slow movement
• Stiff, contracted muscles
• Uncontrollable shaking (tremor)
• Instability due to a stooped posture and shuffling gait 

Other symptoms can also occur, such as: 

• Depression and emotional changes 
• Difficulty swallowing
• Dementia
• Fatigue
• Fixed facial expression
• Orthostatic hypotension (a drop in blood pressure when you stand up)
• Sexual dysfunction
• Sleep problems
• Soft speech
• Urinary problems and constipation 

It’s not clear why some people develop Parkinson’s disease. Doctors think genetic changes and environmental factors, such as exposure to chemicals, likely play a role in the disease.   

Diagnosing Parkinson’s Disease 

There’s no specific test to diagnose Parkinson’s disease, although imaging and laboratory tests can help rule out other conditions. Instead, neurologists rely on a review of your medical history and neurological exam. 

A neurological exam looks at all aspects of brain function, including:

• Involuntary processes, such as breathing, heart rate and digestion
• Muscle reflexes, balance and coordination
• Senses, such as touch, hearing, smell and vision
• Thinking and memory 

Treating Parkinson’s Disease 

Parkinson’s disease is a lifelong condition that can interfere with daily life. At Memorial Neuroscience Institute, you’ll find an experienced team of specialists, the latest treatments and support for you and your family. 

Your treatment plan may include: